Sin and Righteousness — Imputed and Imparted

Romans 5:18-19

 

Many who rejoice in the testimony of Scripture regarding the imputation of Christ’s righteousness to us in justification strenuously object to the equally clear teaching of Holy Scripture that the righteousness of Christ is imparted to chosen, redeemed sinners in sanctification (the new birth). They do so because some heretics use the term “imparted righteousness” to teach that God the Holy Spirit imparts a meritorious righteousness to us, mixing grace and works. But we must not allow some heretic to rob us of the joy of precious gospel truth. I do not intend to quit calling Christ “Christ,” because the pope calls him “Christ”!

 

Let me be crystal clear. — The righteousness of Christ that is imparted to God’s elect in regeneration has nothing to do with meriting God’s favor in salvation. The righteousness of Christ imparted in the new birth is the righteous nature imparted to (given to and created in) us by God the Holy Spirit in the new birth, by which we have been made “partakers of the divine nature” (2 Pet. 1:4). This “divine nature” is “that new man which after God is created in righteousness and true holiness” (Eph. 4:24), “Christ in you the hope of glory” (Col. 1:27). It is this new, righteous nature that was created in us in regeneration, which is ever in conflict with the old Adamic nature (Rom. 7:14-25). It is the “seed” of God placed in man, which “cannot sin” (1 John 3:9).

 

Adam’s Sin

 

All that our father Adam did as our federal head in the garden, we did in him. All that Adam did was imputed to (charged to) us by God. So that we were “made sinners” by that one man’s sin. All that Adam became as the result of his fall, we became by natural generation. Every human being, being born of the seed of Adam, is born in sin, a natural born sinner, depraved in all his being. Adam’s sin was judicially, legally imputed to us when he sinned in the garden; and his sinful nature was imparted to us in time when we were born of his seed by natural generation.

 

Christ’s Righteousness

 

In like manner, all that Christ did in his obedience to the will of God, as the Federal Head and Representative of his elect, we did in him. His righteousness was imputed to (charged to) us when he died as our Substitute in the complete accomplishment of our justification (Rom. 4:25). As it was that we received Adam’s fallen nature by natural generation, in the new birth (regeneration) all who are born of God have Christ’s righteous nature as our Mediator imparted to us.

 

“Made Righteous”

 

In verse 18 the Holy Spirit tells us, “by the righteousness of one the free gift came upon all men unto justification of life.” Notice that the words here have reference to that which was done in the past. When Christ was “made sin” and satisfied the justice of God for us by his death upon the cross, we were made “the righteousness of God in him.” His righteousness was imputed to us in justification.

 

                Now, look at verse 19. — “For as by one man’s disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous.” Here when the Spirit of God speaks of the result of Christ’s obedience unto death, he tells us that “by  the  obedience  of  one  shall  many be made righteous.” Here he uses the future tense. Those words cannot possibly refer to righteousness being imputed to us in justification. That was done at Calvary. Here the Scriptures assert that all who were “made righteous” in justification (the righteousness of Christ being imputed to them), shall, at the appointed “time of love,” be “made righteous” in the new birth by the righteousness of Christ being imparted to them in the new creation of grace.

 

                The righteousness of Christ imputed to us in justification is the basis for and cause of the righteousness of Christ being imparted to us by the Holy Spirit in regeneration.

 

“Cannot Sin”

 

It is this new nature that is created in us in the image of Christ, a nature that “cannot sin” (1 John 3:9). It is the old man that sins, not the new. It is written, “Now if I do that I would not, it is no more I that do it, but sin that dwelleth in me” (Rom. 7:20). The believer is a person with two distinct, separate, warring natures: the old man and the new, the flesh and the spirit. Our sins, everything evil in us and everything evil done by us, are the works of the flesh. Our goodness, (if I may use such language), everything good in us and everything good done by us is the fruit of the Spirit (Gal. 5:17-23).

 

When God saves a sinner, he does not renovate, repair, and renew the old nature. He creates a new nature in his elect. Our old, Adamic, fallen, sinful nature is not changed. The flesh is subdued by the spirit; but it will never surrender to the spirit. The spirit wars against the flesh; but it will never conquer or improve the flesh. The flesh is sinful. The flesh is cursed. Thank God, the flesh must die! But it will never be improved.

 

Revelation and Experience

 

This dual nature of the believer is plainly taught in the Word of God. Carefully study Romans 7, Galatians 5, and 1 John 3. It is utterly impossible to honestly interpret those portions of Holy Scripture without concluding that both Paul and John teach that there is within every believer, so long as he lives in this world, both an old Adamic nature that can do nothing but sin and a new righteous nature, that which is born of God, that “cannot sin,” that can only do righteousness.

 

Every believer knows the duality of his nature by painful, bitterly painful experience. Ask any child of God what he desires above all things and he will quickly reply, “That I may live without sin in perfect conformity to Christ, perfectly obeying the will of God in all things.” But that which he most greatly desires is an utter impossibility in this life. Is it not so with you? Though you delight in the law of God after the inward man, there is another law of evil in your members, warring against you. You would do good; but evil is always present with you, so that you cannot do the things that you would. Even your best, noblest, most sincere acts of good, when honestly evaluated, are so marred by sin in motive and in execution, that you must confess, “All my righteousnesses are filthy rags!”

 

It is this warfare between the flesh and the spirit, more than anything else, that keeps the believer from being satisfied with life in this world. Blessed be God, we shall soon be free! When we have dropped this robe of flesh, we shall be perfectly conformed to the image of him who loved us and gave himself for us!